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Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer. Two-thirds factor of these skin cancers is sunlight, but one third in non sun exposed area. That's why, doctors recommend using sun screens.
This Skin Cancer occurs mainly in fair-skinned patients with a family history of this cancer. A chemotherapeutic agent such as 5-Fluorouracil or Imiquimod, can prevent development of skin cancer. It is usually recommended to individuals with extensive sun damage, history of multiple skin cancers, or precancerous growths. It is often repeated every 2 to 3 years to further decrease the risk of skin cancer.
How to Diagnose?
To diagnose basal cell carcinomas, a skin biopsy is taken for pathological study. The most common method is a shave biopsy under local anesthesia. Most nodular basal cell cancers can be diagnosed clinically; however, other variants can be very difficult to distinguish from benign lesions such as intradermal nevus, sebaceomas, fibrous papules, early acne scars, and hypertrophic scarring.
Main Article - Basal Cell Carcinoma Moh's Surgery
17 Mayıs 2012 Perşembe
Moh's Surgery for Melanoma
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Mohs Surgery is a type of skin cancer treatment that not only has a very high cure rate but also less invasive. Moh’s surgery has a very high cure rate depend on what its treat, it has the highest cure rate when treating basal cell carcinoma skin cancer, but the cure rate is lesser in treating squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer.
Mohs surgery can also be used to treating melanoma. However, moh’s surgery has a higher cure rate if treating melanoma in situ. It has been used in the removal of melanoma-in-situ (cure rate 77% to 98% depending on surgeon), and certain types of melanoma (cure rate 52%). Another study of melanoma-in-situ revealed Mohs cure rate of 95% for frozen section Mohs, and 98 to 99% for fixed tissue Mohs method. In situ is a condition that a cancer is still not become cancer yet.
However, mohs surgery is appropriate when:
Mohs surgery can also be used to treating melanoma. However, moh’s surgery has a higher cure rate if treating melanoma in situ. It has been used in the removal of melanoma-in-situ (cure rate 77% to 98% depending on surgeon), and certain types of melanoma (cure rate 52%). Another study of melanoma-in-situ revealed Mohs cure rate of 95% for frozen section Mohs, and 98 to 99% for fixed tissue Mohs method. In situ is a condition that a cancer is still not become cancer yet.
However, mohs surgery is appropriate when:
- The skin cancer is in an area where it is important to preserve healthy tissue for maximum functional and cosmetic result, such as: eyelids, nose, ears, lips, fingers, toes, genitals.
- The skin cancer was treated previously and recurred.
- Scar tissue exists in the area of the cancer.
- The skin cancer is large.
- The edges of the cancer cannot be clearly defined.
- The skin cancer is growing rapidly or uncontrollably.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Causes and Guide
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer after Basal Cell Carcinoma. It concerns the older cells that have been pushed to the surface of the epidermis by the continuous healthy growth of basal cells deep within the skin. To put it simple, because of Squamous Cell carcinoma, the old skin cell doesn’t die and replaced, but it still there while the healthy one still continue growing of course with this squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer.
This type of skin cancer caused some damage to the underlying skin cells and slowly a lump or tumor will develop right under the skin. Squamous Cell Carcinoma tends to attack on the face, such as lips and ears. It can manifest itself as a bump that is thickened, scaly, red, or crusty. It could resemble a wart. If it occurs on the rim of the ear or the lip it seems to become more aggressive in its growth.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) seems to be a skin cancer that affects more men than women. Also, this type of skin cancer occurs more often with individuals who are fair-skinned and who are older than sixty years of age. However, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) can affect anyone who lives in a warmer climate or whose work and/or play keep them outdoors in the sun a great deal.
Squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer has peculiar character, such as this type of skin cancer tends to be less invasive if found on skin that is sun-damaged by sun exposure than if it is found on a part of the body that does not normally get the same exposure to the sun. Doesn’t matter which one squamous cell carcinoma caused, it still need a lot of concern.
Causes
The causes of squamous cell carcinoma can include such carcinogenic sources such as:
1. the accumulated lifetime exposure to the sun’s harmful rays,
2. a reaction to treatments for psoriasis that includes using Psoralen or Ultraviolet A radiation,
3. exposure to radiation from radiotherapy,
4. chemicals such as arsenic,
5. the human papilloma virus, and
6. Smoking.
Some genetic factors can also play a role in causing squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer if the individual inherits the DNA defect called xeroderma pigmentosa wherein the cells have difficulty repairing themselves. Or they have very little pigment coloring such as in albinism that leaves them extremely sensitive to the sun.
Other problem areas are if a person has wounds from an injury or other thermal type burn that refuses to heal well or if they are more vulnerable due to taking anti-rejection drugs after a transplant and their immune system is greatly lowered.
As with basal cell carcinoma this cancer is treated according to the location, size and grade of the tumor or lesion. The age and health of the patient is also considered. The treatment consists basically of surgical options. Simple excision may be used if the area is small and has not spread.
If the carcinoma is larger, on or near sensitive areas such as an eyelid, has been left untreated for a long time, or is in danger of recurring the doctor may opt to use what is called the Moh’s Technique which means that he will slowly remove the lesion or tumor by slicing it in layers. He or she will do this until they are certain to have gotten all the tumor and they have reached healthy tissue.
At times the physician may feel that radiation is needed to be certain that any surrounding cancer cells are killed or it may be necessary if the lymph nodes are at risk. It may also help with larger tumors and be a replacement for surgery if the patient is unable or unwilling to accept it.
In some cases where the cancer may have spread to other parts of the body it will be necessary to include chemotherapy to kill the radical cells.
Main Article - Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer Facts
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
The cause and needed guide
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer after Basal Cell Carcinoma. It concerns the older cells that have been pushed to the surface of the epidermis by the continuous healthy growth of basal cells deep within the skin. To put it simple, because of Squamous Cell carcinoma, the old skin cell doesn’t die and replaced, but it still there while the healthy one still continue growing of course with this squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer.
This type of skin cancer caused some damage to the underlying skin cells and slowly a lump or tumor will develop right under the skin. Squamous Cell Carcinoma tends to attack on the face, such as lips and ears. It can manifest itself as a bump that is thickened, scaly, red, or crusty. It could resemble a wart. If it occurs on the rim of the ear or the lip it seems to become more aggressive in its growth.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) seems to be a skin cancer that affects more men than women. Also, this type of skin cancer occurs more often with individuals who are fair-skinned and who are older than sixty years of age. However, Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) can affect anyone who lives in a warmer climate or whose work and/or play keep them outdoors in the sun a great deal.
Squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer has peculiar character, such as this type of skin cancer tends to be less invasive if found on skin that is sun-damaged by sun exposure than if it is found on a part of the body that does not normally get the same exposure to the sun. Doesn’t matter which one squamous cell carcinoma caused, it still need a lot of concern.
Causes
The causes of squamous cell carcinoma can include such carcinogenic sources such as:
1. the accumulated lifetime exposure to the sun’s harmful rays,
2. a reaction to treatments for psoriasis that includes using Psoralen or Ultraviolet A radiation,
3. exposure to radiation from radiotherapy,
4. chemicals such as arsenic,
5. the human papilloma virus, and
6. Smoking.
Some genetic factors can also play a role in causing squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer if the individual inherits the DNA defect called xeroderma pigmentosa wherein the cells have difficulty repairing themselves. Or they have very little pigment coloring such as in albinism that leaves them extremely sensitive to the sun.
Other problem areas are if a person has wounds from an injury or other thermal type burn that refuses to heal well or if they are more vulnerable due to taking anti-rejection drugs after a transplant and their immune system is greatly lowered.
As with basal cell carcinoma this cancer is treated according to the location, size and grade of the tumor or lesion. The age and health of the patient is also considered. The treatment consists basically of surgical options. Simple excision may be used if the area is small and has not spread.
If the carcinoma is larger, on or near sensitive areas such as an eyelid, has been left untreated for a long time, or is in danger of recurring the doctor may opt to use what is called the Moh’s Technique which means that he will slowly remove the lesion or tumor by slicing it in layers. He or she will do this until they are certain to have gotten all the tumor and they have reached healthy tissue.
At times the physician may feel that radiation is needed to be certain that any surrounding cancer cells are killed or it may be necessary if the lymph nodes are at risk. It may also help with larger tumors and be a replacement for surgery if the patient is unable or unwilling to accept it.
In some cases where the cancer may have spread to other parts of the body it will be necessary to include chemotherapy to kill the radical cells.
Main Article - Squamous Cell Carcinoma Skin Cancer Facts
Basalcell skincancer types
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Basal cell carcinoma still divides into some types
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer type, yet it rarely metastasizes to other organ. Basal Cell Carcinoma divides into three groups, based on location and therapy difficulty:
Basal cell carcinomas also divide into another classification, includes these following types:
1. Nodular basal cell carcinoma (Classic basal cell carcinoma)
2. Cystic basal cell carcinoma
3. Cicatricial basal cell carcinoma (Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, Morphoeic basal cell carcinoma)
4. Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma
5. Micronodular basal cell carcinoma
6. Superficial basal cell carcinoma (Superficial multicentric basal cell carcinoma)
7. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma
8. Rodent ulcer (Jacobi ulcer)
9. Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus
10. Polypoid basal cell carcinoma
11. Pore-like basal cell carcinoma
12. Aberrant basal cell carcinoma
Main article - Basal Cell Carcinoma Prevention
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer type, yet it rarely metastasizes to other organ. Basal Cell Carcinoma divides into three groups, based on location and therapy difficulty:
- Superficial basal cell carcinoma
Superficial basal cell carcinoma some might consider to be equivalent to "in-situ". It is the only type of basal cell cancer that can be effectively treated with topical chemotherapy. - Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma
Unlike superficial basal cell carcinoma, its more difficult to treat with conservative methods. Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma often encompasses morpheaform and micronodular basal cell cancer. - Nodular basal cell cancer
Nodular basal cell cancer is essentially including most the remaining categories of basal cell cancer. It is not unusual to encounter morphologic features of several variants of basal cell cancer in the same tumor.
Basal cell carcinomas also divide into another classification, includes these following types:
1. Nodular basal cell carcinoma (Classic basal cell carcinoma)
2. Cystic basal cell carcinoma
3. Cicatricial basal cell carcinoma (Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma, Morphoeic basal cell carcinoma)
4. Infiltrative basal cell carcinoma
5. Micronodular basal cell carcinoma
6. Superficial basal cell carcinoma (Superficial multicentric basal cell carcinoma)
7. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma
8. Rodent ulcer (Jacobi ulcer)
9. Fibroepithelioma of Pinkus
10. Polypoid basal cell carcinoma
11. Pore-like basal cell carcinoma
12. Aberrant basal cell carcinoma
Main article - Basal Cell Carcinoma Prevention
Melanoma symptoms
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Melanoma is treatable when detected early. Moles or other spots on the skin should be self examined each month. Look for any changes in the existing areas and look for new moles.
When doing a self examination, you need to look at all areas of the body. It helps to have a mirror to view all parts of the body. Look for any changes to color, shape, and size to any freckle, mole, blemish or reddened areas. It is helpful to know the ABC's of skin cancer. The ABC's stand for Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diamter and Elevation.Sometimes these areas may be itchy, scaly, or even have a crusty appearance.
If bleeding or oozing comes from a mole or spot, it is imperative that it be examined by a physician. This is often indicative of advanced melanoma and needs to be evaluated.
Sometimes, it is difficult to discern between an ordinary mole and a melanoma. If you have any doubt, it is important to have it checked out by a physician. Skin should be examined for any suspicious areas by a physician on a yearly basis, if skin cancer has never been diagnosed.
When doing a self examination, you need to look at all areas of the body. It helps to have a mirror to view all parts of the body. Look for any changes to color, shape, and size to any freckle, mole, blemish or reddened areas. It is helpful to know the ABC's of skin cancer. The ABC's stand for Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diamter and Elevation.Sometimes these areas may be itchy, scaly, or even have a crusty appearance.
If bleeding or oozing comes from a mole or spot, it is imperative that it be examined by a physician. This is often indicative of advanced melanoma and needs to be evaluated.
Sometimes, it is difficult to discern between an ordinary mole and a melanoma. If you have any doubt, it is important to have it checked out by a physician. Skin should be examined for any suspicious areas by a physician on a yearly basis, if skin cancer has never been diagnosed.
13 Mayıs 2012 Pazar
Melanoma symptoms
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What changes in moles or freckles can indicate cancer?
Melanomas may form from an existing mole or freckle, or begin to grow from a normal-appearing area of the skin. Any change in a mole's appearance or the growth of a new mole may be a sign of skin cancer. Suspicious moles or freckles should be checked by a doctor.
Melanomas vs. normal moles:
Melanomas may form from an existing mole or freckle, or begin to grow from a normal-appearing area of the skin. Any change in a mole's appearance or the growth of a new mole may be a sign of skin cancer. Suspicious moles or freckles should be checked by a doctor.
Melanomas vs. normal moles:
- Moles and freckles usually are brown or black and have a defined edge or border.
- Melanomas usually are multi-colored. They may combine different shades of brown and black, sometimes with areas of red, blue, or white. They often have an irregular or uneven border.
- Be alert for moles or freckles that ooze fluid or blood, crust or clot over, and then ooze or bleed again and don't heal-they could be a sign of cancer.
- Asymmetry, when one half of the growth has a different shape than the other.
- Border irregular, when the growth has scalloped or uneven edges.
- Color varied, when the growth is more than one color. Melanomas may be black, shades of brown and tan, and even have specks of red, white, and blue.
- Diameter, when the size, measured edge to edge, is bigger than the diameter of a pencil eraser.
Squamous skin cancer
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The Causes of Squamous Skin Cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma, also known as SCC or squamous skin cancer, is a very common type of skin cancer. It is in fact the second most common after basal cell carcinoma. SCC attacks the upper layers of skin. Fortunately this is not necessarily a serious cancer if identified early and then treated immediately. Of the two hundred and fifty thousand cases diagnosed each year, ninety seven percent of these are easily treated ones. The remaining three percent are more worrisome since they are likely to be cases where the cancer has spread and so potentially is life threatening to the person dealing with this disease.
The primary cause of this type of skin cancer relates to excessive exposure to the ultra violet light of the sun. This would be long term exposure and take years before it resulted in the cancer, but nonetheless it is the likely cause. Squamous skin cancer is more likely to occur on the face. This is because the face is always exposed to the sun and is the part of the body that people are more likely to forget to protect on a daily basis. People going swimming or who plan to be outside for a long time are more likely to use sunscreen, but when going to catch a bus, taking a walk to the store or any of the more mundane daily activities people do not think to put sunscreen on their faces.
Fair haired, and so fair skinned, people are more likely to get this type of cancer. People with very dark skin tone almost never have to worry about getting squamous skin cancer. Those who have had treatment in some area for skin cancer may find another spot later since the area has already been damaged by the sun and so another cancer spot may appear. If this is going to occur it will happen within two years of being diagnosed. The best way to protect oneself from skin cancer is to use a sunscreen that is rated at least at thirty, to cover up when possible and stay out of the direct sun when it is not.
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